So what are the differences between the modern categories, and which one should you use for your home network?
Cat5:-
While there were some standards in between, the next standard was Cat5. This was a common Ethernet standard, although it is quite outdated at this point. It is notable as the throughput speeds were a nice, round 100 Mbps, at distances up to 100 meters. Nobody should try to run a network on Cat5 these days, nor are the cables even available for purchase.
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Cat5e:-
The subsequent standard is Cat5e, and the “e” stands for “Enhanced.” The more modern Cat5e cable is produced to a higher standard, and is designed to reduce “crosstalk,” which is the phenomenon of unwanted transfer of signals in the wire that reduces throughput. The Cat5E can have speeds of up to 1000 Mbps, and is used in many residential and commercial wired applications for Gigabit Ethernet.
This is the slowest cable one should use for a new Ethernet setup, and its primary benefit is currently its low cost.
here is also a plan to increase the speeds of Cat5e to 5 Gbps over the existing cables, known as the IEEE P802.3bz standard, which also works on Cat6 cabling.
Cat6:-
The next standard up is Cat6, which are wound more tightly with a nylon spline and shielding to further reduce crosstalk and reduce interference. While the obvious advantage of Cat6 cabling is that the throughput bumps up to a ridiculous 10 Gbps, but the detail is that these speeds are limited to 55 meter distances, which is shorter than for Cat5 or Cat5e runs, and at longer distances goes back to 1 Gbps.
While the speeds are faster for Cat6 on shorter runs, the downside is that the wires are stiffer making them more difficult to bend, and the thicker wires are more difficult to terminate. Cat6 has also traditionally been more expensive, although the price difference compared to Cat5e has lessened over time.
Cat6a:-
Cat6a is not, for the most part, very different from Cat6, but there are some differences to note. The cost is about 20–35% higher than Cat6, but the maximum cable length in all systems and situations for Gigabit Ethernet is 100 meters; It has a theoretically top speed of 10 Gbps over a 100 m (330 ft) cable. Transmission bandwidth is also doubled, from 250 to 500 MHz, and Cat 6A cables are often shielded, making them ideal for industrial use.
Cat7 and beyond:-
The latest “cable on the block” is Cat7, which is shielded, and requires a GigaGate45 connection. The speeds are wickedly fast, at shorter distances, maxing out at 100 Gbps at less than 15 meter distances, and reverting to 10 Gbps at longer distances. There is also a Cat8 standard that is still being finalized, but no gear is currently available, with a targeted throughput of 40 Gbps at longer distances. These “next generation” cable choices of Cat7 and above are more suited to data centers, than residential applications.
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Decision time:-
But which cable is the best to use? Just like there is no best computer or best router for everyone, it comes down to a few variables.
From a cost perspective, Cat5e is the most affordable, Cat6 costs only a little more (and consider that the labor is often the more major expense), and each generation beyond costs considerably more. Cat5e is the most flexible around turns and corners, and therefore the most “hassle free” for the DIY installer, with Cat6 being thicker, and so on going up. Finally, with faster speeds likely coming to Cat5e, there is plenty of life in this older standard.
This needs to be balanced against the goal to “future proof” the network. The wiring is a project to install, and the labor costs, when done by professionals, usually exceed the materials cost. But it’s tempting to spend a little more in the hope that the network will outlast the peripherals. For those that want to take this route, Cat6 or Cat6a are good options.
Also, with virtually all consumer gear, such as routers, motherboards and Ethernet cards, max out at 1000 megabits or 1 Gbps. So for the time being, and likely years to come, the typical user will not be able to take advantage of the 10 Gbps and faster speeds of the Cat6a and higher cables.
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